Fig. 1: Add this relay to prevent shorted transistors in the MW-1. Usually after a transmitter is discontinued, any hope of upgrades or improvements fades. Some enterprising engineers can’t help but ...

In this quick Arduino tutorial I will explain how you can control a relay using the Arduino Board, one 1K and one 10K resistors, 1 BC547 transistor, one 6V or 12V relay, one 1N4007 diode and a 12V fan ...

I recently installed a new stereo head-unit in my car. One of the challenges with installing this head-unit was that a certain wire from the harness needed to be grounded, but only after the radio had ...

As any programmer could tell you, there’s significant value in automating a process that is performed often enough. The more times that process is used, the more it makes sense to automate it or at ...

Last week I explained how to use a motion sensor to trigger an event with an Arduino. The event we triggered was a simple blinking of an LED. You can do a lot with a bunch of LEDs if you use your ...

Relays usually are driven using optocouplers, which offer isolation between analog and digital grounds to ensure that switching currents in the relay coils do not affect the noise margin of the ...

The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

Panasonic has produced a 6pin DIP-style opto-relay that can switch 1.2kV at 750mA. Called AQV209G, it comes in through-hole and surface-mount versions and has a single ac-dc output with two mosfets ...

Large scale digital logic began not with the vacuum tube but the electromechanical relay. Although vacuum tubes were available at the time – and were used on competing machines – Konrad Zuse chose to ...