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Some new oscillation criteria are obtained for the second order difference equation (cn xn) + pn xn+1=0, n= 0, 1, 2, ... where = xn = xn+1 – xn is the forward difference operator. The method uses ...

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and difference equations serve as complementary tools in the mathematical modelling of processes evolving in continuous and discrete time respectively. Together ...

Difference equations, as discrete analogues of differential equations, form a fundamental mathematical framework for describing systems that evolve incrementally over time or space. Coupled with ...